Unit 1 · Chapter 1P1 · Very ImportantAverage· 82 min

Electric Charges and Fields

Electrostatics, Coulomb's law, electric field and field lines, dipoles, electric flux and Gauss's theorem with all applications.

CBSE / NCERT Class 12 Physics, Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields notes with 28 important questions and full answers — exam tips, common mistakes and one-minute revision for the 2026 board exam. Complete chapter notes include short-answer preparation, derivations, numericals and one-shot revision.

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ElectrostaticsElectric chargeGold-leaf electroscopeCharging methodsConservation of chargeQuantizationCoulomb's lawDielectric constantSuperpositionCharge densitiesElectric fieldField linesElectric dipoleTorque on dipoleElectric fluxGauss's theorem

Study time: 82 min
Expected marks: 10–14 marks
Difficulty: Average
Revision status: —

Reading progress0/28 · 0%

Q1 · Explain the term electrostatics. Give some applications.

Portion 1

Subjective Questions

Priority 1: Charge fundamentals

Q01P1 · Very Important3 MarksEasy Very High2 min read

DefinitionTheoryFrequently Asked

Q02P1 · Very Important2 MarksEasy High1 min read

DefinitionConcept

Q03P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High3 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Q04P1 · Very Important5 MarksEasy Very High3 min read

TheoryConceptFrequently Asked

Q05P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High3 min read

DefinitionTheoryFrequently Asked

Q06P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High3 min read

DefinitionConceptFrequently Asked

Priority 2: Comparisons

Q07P2 · Important5 MarksAverage High3 min read

TheoryConcept

Priority 1: Coulomb's law

Q08P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High4 min read

DefinitionConceptFrequently Asked

Q09P1 · Very Important3 MarksAverage High2 min read

DefinitionConcept

Q10P2 · Important3 MarksEasy High2 min read

TheoryConcept

Q11P1 · Very Important5 MarksDifficult Very High4 min read

TheoryConceptFrequently Asked

Q12P2 · Important2 MarksEasy Moderate1 min read

Definition

Priority 2: Comparisons

Q13P2 · Important5 MarksAverage High3 min read

TheoryConcept

Priority 1: Coulomb's law

Q14P1 · Very Important5 MarksDifficult Very High3 min read

TheoryConceptFrequently Asked

Priority 2: Distributions

Q15P2 · Important5 MarksAverage High3 min read

DefinitionConcept

Priority 1: Electric field

Q16P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High3 min read

DefinitionConceptFrequently Asked

Q17P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High3 min read

TheoryConceptFrequently Asked

Q18P1 · Very Important5 MarksEasy Very High3 min read

DefinitionDiagramFrequently Asked

Priority 1: Electric dipole

Q19P1 · Very Important3 MarksEasy Very High2 min read

DefinitionConcept

Q20P1 · Very Important5 MarksDifficult Very High4 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Q21P1 · Very Important5 MarksDifficult Very High4 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Q22P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High3 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Priority 1: Flux and Gauss's theorem

Q23P1 · Very Important3 MarksEasy High2 min read

DefinitionConcept

Q24P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High4 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Q25P2 · Important3 MarksAverage High2 min read

TheoryConcept

Priority 1: Applications of Gauss's theorem

Q26P1 · Very Important5 MarksDifficult Very High4 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Q27P1 · Very Important5 MarksAverage Very High4 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Q28P1 · Very Important5 MarksDifficult Very High4 min read

TheoryDiagramFrequently Asked

Portion 2 · MCQ Master Portion 3 · Quick Revision

Electric Charges and Fields

Subjective Questions

Priority 1: Charge fundamentals

Explain the term electrostatics. Give some applications.

What is an electric charge?

What is an electroscope? Discuss the working of a Gold-leaf Electroscope.

Explain the methods of charging a material.

Define conservation of electric charge.

Explain Quantization of Electric Charge.

Priority 2: Comparisons

Compare the properties of electric charge with that of the mass of a body.

Priority 1: Coulomb's law

Explain Coulomb's law.

What is relative permittivity (Dielectric Constant)?

What are the characteristics of Electrostatic force (Coulomb's force)?

Show vector form of Coulomb's law in accordance to Newton's 3rd law.

Define one Coulomb.

Priority 2: Comparisons

Compare electrostatic force and gravitational force.

Priority 1: Coulomb's law

Show and explain Superposition Principle of electric charge.

Priority 2: Distributions

What is meant by continuous charge distribution? Mention and explain different types of charge densities.

Priority 1: Electric field

What do you understand by electric field? Define Electric field intensity.

Derive an expression for Electric field intensity due to a point charge at origin.

Define Electric field line. Explain its various properties.

Priority 1: Electric dipole

What is an electric dipole? Define dipole moment.

Find the electric field intensity at a point on the axial line of a dipole.

Find electric field intensity at a point on the equatorial line (broad side position) of a dipole.

Show that the torque experienced by an electric dipole is the cross product of dipole moment and electric field.

Priority 1: Flux and Gauss's theorem

What do you understand by area vector? What is electric flux?

State Gauss's theorem and prove it.

Derive Coulomb's law from Gauss's theorem.

Priority 1: Applications of Gauss's theorem

Electric field at a point near an infinitely long uniformly charged wire (application of Gauss's theorem).

Electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.

Electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell.